8: China

5: China

22: India-China Deal

2: China

30: India, China

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11: China

युग परिवर्तन के लिए विश्व युद्ध का होना जरूरी नहीं

युग परिवर्तन के लिए विश्व युद्ध का होना जरूरी नहीं
जुलाई ४, २०२४

विश्व में टेंशन उच्च स्तर पर है। और बढ़ती ही चली जा रही है। इस अवस्था में कोइ छोटा खिलाडी ही कोइ हरकत कर दे तो बात बहुत जल्द बहुत बिगड़ जाएगी। इजराइल में कुछ वैसा ही हुवा। कुछ बिद्वान लोग तो कह रहे हैं कि विश्व युद्ध शुरू हो चुका है। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध भी तो ऐसे ही शुरू हुवा था। वो तो ख़त्म होने के बाद लोगो ने कहा शुरू कब हुवा। लेकिन जब शुरू हुवा तभी तो लोगो को नहीं लगा कि ये विश्व युद्ध है।

ये युद्ध अनावश्यक है। लेकिन रावण और दुर्योधन को कौन समझाए? १०-१५ रावण एक दुसरे से युद्ध करने को उतावले हैं।

दुनिया के बड़े बड़े देश एक दुसरे को कुछ ही घंटो में पाषाण युग (Stone Age) में धकेल देने की ताकत रखते हैं। ऐसे ऐसे हतियार रखे हुवे हैं कि अगर युद्ध हुवा तो कोइ जितेगा नहीं। फिर भी टेंशन घटाने के जगह बढ़ाने पर उतावले हैं।

रूस और अमरिका एक दुसरे के राजधानी के निकटतम जगहों पर आणविक अस्त्र इकठ्ठा कर लिए हैं लेकिन बातचीत तक नहीं हो रही। ऐसी नौबत आ सकती है कि सिर्फ एक दुसरे को डराने के बजाए फर्स्ट स्ट्राइक की सोंच बन जाए किसी एक तरफ। मरता क्या न करता वाली नौबत आ सकती है।

लेकिन जो देश इन देशों में से नहीं हैं वे भी तो बेफिक्र नजर आ रहे हैं। युक्रेन युद्ध शुरू हुवा तो सारी दुनिया को असर पड़ी। गेहुँ का भाव आसमान छुने लगा बहुत देशों में। गेहुँ की बात छोड़िए। अगर बात बिगड़ी तो गेहुँ के जगह पानी का भाव आसमान छुने लगेगा। और वो बात अफ्रिका में नहीं अमरिका में हो सकती है।

युद्ध अगर न भी हो तो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग जिसके लिए अमरिका, युरोप, जापान और चीन जिम्मेदार हैं उसके कारण हिमालय पर्वत के ढेर सारे हिमनदी पिगल कर दक्षिण एशिया में पानी के लिए हाहाकार हो सकती है। और ये दुर भविष्य की बात नहीं। प्रत्येक साल गर्मीं में तापमान के रेकॉर्ड ब्रेक हो रहे हैं।

कोरोना महामारी में न्यु यॉर्क से लोग भागे थे और दशों मील, पचासों मील दुर जहाँ जहाँ कोइ किराए का जगह मिला सब ले लिए थे। लेकिन एक वैसी अवस्था की कल्पना किजिए जब रूस और अमरिका आमने सामने हो गए हो तो रूस का प्रथम प्रयास रहेगा मैनहट्टन पर आणविक आक्रमण। क्योंकि उसका उद्देश्य होगा देश को प्यारलाइज़ करने का सबसे आसान तरिका। उस अवस्था में लोग भागेंगे तो फिर किराए का घर नहीं तलाश करेंगे। लॉ एंड आर्डर बिलकुल ब्रेकडाउन हो चुकी होगी। जबरजस्ती घरों में घुसेंगे। जो बचे वो।

युक्रेन युद्ध शुरू होने के कुछ ही महिनों बाद न्यु यॉर्क शहर में आणविक आक्रमण हो गया तो क्या करे कह के महानगर की स्थानीय सरकार टीवी पर बिज्ञापन देने लग गयी थी। यानि की उस संभावना की बात मैं नहीं कर रहा। पिछले साल ही न्यु यॉर्क की स्थानीय सरकार कर चुकी थी।

भारत एक उभरता हुवा शक्ति राष्ट्र है। तटस्थ है। लेकिन सक्रिय तो भारत भी नहीं। अभी जो जगह व्हाइट हाउस का है पाँच हजार साल पहले धृतराष्ट्र का दरबार वही हुवा करता था। विश्व का शक्ति केंद्र। स्पष्ट संकेत है जिस तरह जापान में सुर्योदय से सुर्यास्त और फिर सुर्योदय होती है उसी तरह दिल्ली फिर विश्व की शक्ति केन्द्र बनने जा रही। युग परिवर्तन होगी। सत्य युग फिर से शुरुवात होनी है। कुछ ही दशक की बात है। वो नयी सत्य युग सारे विश्व के लिए होगी।

उस सत्य युग तक पहुँचने का सबसे अच्छा रास्ता है बगैर युद्ध का। संवाद का रास्ता। आमने सामने बैठ के विचारविमर्श करने का रास्ता। लेकिन संवादहीनता सिर्फ युक्रेन युद्ध को लेकर नहीं। संवादहीनता सिर्फ गाज़ा युद्ध को लेकर नहीं। भारतवर्ष भी तो उसी संवादहीनता की स्थिति में है। भगवान कल्कि को लेकर। भगवान राम की मंदिर तो बना लेते है। और बननी चाहिए। अच्छी बात है। भगवान राम सिर्फ भारत के नहीं, समस्त पृथ्वी के हैं, सारे ब्रह्माण्ड के मालिक हैं। लेकिन भगवान कल्कि धरती पर हैं, आ चुके हैं, उस बात की परवाह नहीं। जो युद्ध के लिए व्यग्र हैं वे भी और जो तटस्थ बैठे हैं वे भी, दोनों विश्व युद्ध का मार्ग ही तो प्रशस्त कर रहे हैं।

China And India

America’s Bad Bet on India New Delhi Won’t Side With Washington Against Beijing ......... India’s significant weaknesses compared with China, and its inescapable proximity to it, guarantee that New Delhi will never involve itself in any U.S. confrontation with Beijing that does not directly threaten its own security. ....... New Delhi sees things differently. It does not harbor any innate allegiance toward preserving the liberal international order and retains an enduring aversion toward participating in mutual defense. It seeks to acquire advanced technologies from the United States to bolster its own economic and military capabilities and thus facilitate its rise as a great power capable of balancing China independently, but it does not presume that American assistance imposes any further obligations on itself. ........ U.S.-Indian security cooperation today is breathtaking in its intensity and scope. The first and most visible aspect is defense consultations. The two countries’ civilian leaders, as well as their bureaucracies, maintain a regular dialogue on a variety of topics, including China policy, India’s procurement of advanced U.S. military technologies, maritime surveillance, and undersea warfare. These conversations vary in quality and depth but are critical for reviewing strategic assessments, defining the parameters of desired cooperation, and devising tools for policy implementation. As a result, the United States and India work together in ways that would have been unimaginable during the Cold War. ......... they cooperate to monitor China’s economic and military activities throughout the wider Indian Ocean region and have recently invested in mechanisms to share near-real-time information about shipping movements in the Indo-Pacific region with other littoral states. ......... A second area of success has been military-to-military collaboration, much of which takes place outside public view. The programs for senior officer visits, bilateral or multilateral military exercises, and reciprocal military training have all expanded dramatically during the past two decades. ........ the annual Malabar exercises, which bring together the U.S. and Indian navies, have now expanded to permanently include Japan and Australia; the Cope India exercises provide an opportunity for the U.S. and Indian air forces to practice advanced air operations; and the Yudh Abhyas series involves the land forces in both command post and field training activities. .......... India’s military has gone from having virtually no U.S. weapons in its inventory some two decades ago to now featuring American transport and maritime aircraft, utility and combat helicopters, and antiship missiles and artillery guns. U.S.-Indian defense trade, which was negligible around the turn of the century, reached over $20 billion in 2020. .......... U.S. companies remain contenders in several outstanding Indian procurement programs, but it seems unlikely that they will ever enjoy a dominant market share in India’s defense imports. The problems are entirely structural. For all of India’s intensifying security threats, its defense procurement budget is still modest in comparison with the overall Western market. ............ New Delhi’s demand that U.S. companies shift from selling equipment to producing it with local partners in India—requiring the transfer of intellectual property—often proves to be commercially unattractive, given the small Indian defense market. ......... The U.S. goal in military-to-military cooperation is interoperability: the Pentagon wants to be able to integrate a foreign military in combined operations as part of coalition warfare. India, however, rejects the idea that its armed forces will participate in any combined military operation outside of a UN umbrella. Consequently, it has resisted investing in meaningful operational integration, especially with the U.S. armed forces, because it fears jeopardizing its political autonomy or signaling a shift toward a tight political alignment with Washington. As a result, the bilateral military exercises may improve the tactical proficiency of the units involved but do not expand interoperability to the level that would be required in major combined operations against a capable adversary. ........... India treats military exercises more as political symbols than investments in increasing operational proficiency and, as a result, practices with numerous partners at varying levels of sophistication. On the other hand, the United States emphasizes relatively intense military exercises with a smaller set of counterparts. ......... bolstering India’s intelligence capabilities about Chinese military activities along the Himalayan border and in the Indian Ocean region .......... The existing arrangements for intelligence sharing are formally structured for reciprocity, and New Delhi does share whatever it believes to be useful. But because U.S. collection capabilities are so superior, the flow of usable information often ends up being one way. ........ Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has increasingly focused on defense industrial cooperation as the key driver of its security partnership with the United States. Its underlying objective is to secure technological autonomy: ever since its founding as a modern state, India has sought to achieve mastery over all critical defense, dual-use, and civilian technologies and, toward that end, built up large public sector enterprises that were intended to become global leaders. Because this dream still remains unrealized, New Delhi has now prioritized Washington’s support for its defense industrial ambitions in tandem with similar partnerships forged with France, Israel, Russia, and other friendly states. ............ For over a decade, Washington has attempted to help India improve its defense technology base, but these efforts have often proved futile. ......... The Biden administration is now going to great lengths to reverse the failure of the Defense Trade and Technology Initiative. Last year, it announced the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology, which aims to fundamentally transform cooperation between the two countries’ governments, businesses, and research entities pertaining to technology development. This endeavor encompasses a wide variety of fields, including semiconductors, space, artificial intelligence, next-generation telecommunications, high-performance computing, and quantum technologies, all of which have defense applications but are not restricted to them. ........ Modi’s “Make in India, Make for World” drive, which aims to transform India into a major global manufacturing hub that could one day compete with, if not supplant, China as the workshop of the world. ........... During the Bush and Obama administrations, U.S. ambitions centered largely on helping build India’s power in order to prevent China from dominating Asia. As U.S.-China relations steadily deteriorated during the Trump administration—when Sino-Indian relations hit rock bottom as well—Washington began to entertain the more expansive notion that its support for New Delhi would gradually induce India to play a greater military role in containing China’s growing power. .......... Although China is clearly India’s most intimidating adversary, New Delhi still seeks to avoid doing anything that results in an irrevocable rupture with Beijing. ............. New Delhi’s relative weakness compels it to avoid provoking Beijing, as joining a U.S.-led military campaign against it certainly would. India also cannot escape its physical proximity to China. The two countries share a long border, so Beijing can threaten Indian security in significant ways—a capability that has only increased in recent years. ............ Should a major conflict between Washington and Beijing erupt in East Asia or the South China Sea, India would certainly want the United States to prevail. But it is unlikely to embroil itself in the fight. ........... Even as this partnership has grown by leaps and bounds, there remains an unbridgeable gap between the two countries, given India’s consistent desire to avoid becoming the junior partner—or even a confederate—of any great power. .

Three of the biggest bank failures in US history happened in the last 100 days, yet majority of Americans don't know a single thing happened.

Weird times.

— Pomp 🌪 (@APompliano) May 1, 2023

27: China, US

27: China

27: Taiwan

The Problem With How the West Is Supporting Ukraine Wars are won or lost well behind the front lines. Allies should arm Ukrainians accordingly...... For the past four months, people around the world have witnessed the macabre process of Russian forces making repeated assaults near the Ukrainian city of Bakhmut for only the tiniest of gains. ........ Russia has lost about five of its soldiers for every Ukrainian soldier lost—to say nothing of massive equipment losses. ........ Far more effective is to weaken your opponent’s forces before they get to the battlefield. ...... Though NATO countries have a variety of systems that can target Russian forces deep behind their lines, recent aid has been overwhelmingly geared toward preparing Ukraine to make direct assaults against the Russian army. The most widely discussed forms of equipment—such as Leopard 2 tanks, Bradley armored personnel carriers, and even Archer long-range artillery—are not the kinds of systems that can disrupt or degrade Russian forces far behind the front lines. ..........

Ukraine is being made to fight the war the hard way, not the smart way.

........ Unfortunately, NATO states, including the U.S., have been reluctant to provide the Ukrainians with missile systems with too long of a range, seemingly for fear of escalating tensions with Russia. Instead of allowing the Ukrainians to degrade Russian forces far from the front line, Ukraine is being prepared to attack that line. The Ukrainians’ fortitude and ingenuity up to this point suggest that they could indeed accomplish their task—but it’s been made much harder than it needs to be.

@KaiserKuo Listened to this with utmost interest https://t.co/7eLWpLM2vy I have some questions for @ryanl_hass

— Paramendra Kumar Bhagat (@paramendra) March 25, 2023

Ryan Hass, Xi Jinping, China, Russia

Interests, Not Ideology, Should Drive America’s Approach to China Ideologues prefer to understand the U.S.-China relationship as a contest between good versus evil. They take comfort in clean divisions between democracies versus autocracies. They like parallels between the current U.S.-China great power contest and the U.S.-Soviet Union Cold War. The United States triumphed over the Soviets in the Cold War, after all, so why not repeat the cycle again now with China, they ask. .......... invoking Cold War analogies misdiagnoses the nature of the U.S.-China relationship and creates a false hope that the United States has the capacity to compel the collapse of China. ........ Any American attempt to treat China as its existential enemy (a la the Soviet Union during the Cold War) would isolate the United States from its friends and allies, none of whom have any enthusiasm for joining an anti-China containment coalition. ....... Not even America’s closest partners in Europe or Asia would sign up for a role in erecting such a global economic partition. ......... Trade data does not support arguments that China is seeking to bifurcate the global economy, though.

Over 150 countries view China as their largest trading partner, making China the world’s largest trading power.

Even as Beijing pursues more statist economic policies at home, it continues to look for opportunities to gain leverage by locking in other countries’ dependence upon China for future economic growth. ......... a recognition that the bilateral relationship is deeply competitive. ......... Both countries also are battling each other to dominate the frontiers of innovation in technological fields that will define the coming century, such as quantum computing, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and clean energy. ............. bilateral trade in goods hit a record in 2022, nearing $700 billion ........ by virtue of their positions as the world’s two most powerful countries, the United States and China also face planetary interdependence. From climate change to the global economy and pandemics, they both are harmed or helped by their (in)ability to pool capabilities to confront shared threats.......... The sooner leaders in Washington and Beijing embrace the framework of competitive interdependence for understanding the nature of U.S.-China relations, the better they will be able to compete without resort to conflict. The framework pushes both sides to coexist within a heightened state of competition, not out of amity but rather a sober recognition of the parameters within which the relationship operates. The hard truth is that neither the United States nor China would be able to achieve their national ambitions if they end up in conflict with each other. ........... the goal of strategy is to minimize risks and maximize benefits. The current trajectory of U.S.-China relations is moving in the opposite direction. Risks of conflict are rising, while benefits from the relationship for American and Chinese citizens are receding. ......... a degree of strategic maturity that has been in short supply in recent years ......... The current downward trajectory of the relationship, if not arrested, will continue to generate sharp incidents of growing intensity. Expecting that U.S. and Chinese leaders would manage all such future incidents wisely and calmly requires the triumph of hope over reason. ........ What is needed now is clear-eyed, evidence-based, interest-driven thinking about how the world’s two most powerful countries can compete without resort to conflict, both now and in the future.

Mr. Hass. I read some of your comments about the Xi visit. There are some questions I would like to ask you. May I?

— Paramendra Kumar Bhagat (@paramendra) March 22, 2023

2/ I suspect China's leaders feel less isolated on world stage than many in West suspect. Saudi Arabia reportedly plans to host Xi for visit. No BRICS countries have condemned Russia's invasion. Wang Yi reportedly may visit India soon. Chinese outreach to Global South increasing.

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 21, 2022

3/ This raises the premium for Western unity in addressing China on its approach to Russia/Ukraine. Planned April 1 EU-China Summit will be an important event. Would be helpful for Beijing to hear a message from EU leaders that rhymes with what Biden conveyed to Xi last week.

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 21, 2022

4/ Important for Beijing to hear consistent message from US + EU on need to 1) avoid backfilling sanctions, 2) refrain from sending arms to Russia, 3) contribute meaningfully to relief of humanitarian suffering in Europe, and 4) support efforts to hasten termination of conflict.

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 21, 2022

5/ US and EU should not offer concessions to China to compel caution and prudence on Russia/Ukraine, but should make clear in a matter-of-fact way that PRC's decisions now will determine what range of trajectories for China's relations with West will be available in the future.

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 21, 2022

6/ Beijing’s aspiration to become a geo-economic power requires functional relations with West. Beijing has its own incentives to avoid full rupture with West over Russia/Ukraine. Self-sufficiency and deepening ties with developing world are important, but not a substitute. END.

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 21, 2022

Trade balance of Brazil and China 2021 was 125 billion dollars, Brazil with the USA and Europe was 120 billion dollars.According to eurostat in 2021, China has overtaken the US as the biggest partner in the EU.

— Pedro Lacerda 🇧🇷 (@pedrolacerdass) March 22, 2022

A month ago, it was the US and friends playing Olympic boycott against a “genocidal regime.”

Now it’s how China’s actions will determine “relations with West.”

Global South eyeing China to be a leader.
West looking at China to get in line, or else.

Hard choice?

— Betelnutgeuse (@Betelnutgeuse) March 22, 2022

https://t.co/3S66BLiXgS

— Leo (@Leonew3721) March 22, 2022

What a collection of fantasy of Western Departmentalism

— 🇨🇳🫧希小瑞GoDRic🫧🏳️‍🌈☭ (@SheraxGoDRic) March 22, 2022

You offer no concessions and expect China to cooperate with you? That’s not how diplomacy works.

— Bryant Z (@Coffeecurd) March 21, 2022

Speculation that China might invade Taiwan to distract from mounting domestic challenges - or because Chinese leaders imagine that their window of opportunity to seize the island is closing - is not just wrong, but dangerous. Here's why: https://t.co/mawriqRj1e THREAD

— Jessica Chen Weiss (@jessicacweiss) March 21, 2023

I think @jamescrabtree gets the dilemma for US strategy in Asia right. US is under pressure simultaneously to maximize deterrence while minimizing provocation. He also is right to point out that PRC and others’ actions cast long shadow on regional stability as well. https://t.co/TMaqiFzKPd

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 22, 2023

As Xi’s visit to Russia makes clear, Beijing remains firmly committed to growing its relationship with Moscow. https://t.co/a5Vc5TxuEs

— The Brookings Institution (@BrookingsInst) March 20, 2023

1/ This feels like an instance when @SecBlinken is right on the merits but wrong on the message. China wants to frame itself as committed to peace and the US as supporting prolongation of war. Better to frame in affirmative that US…https://t.co/0rqEkTahFt via @Barronsonline

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 20, 2023

3/…to restrain Russian aggression, commit to protecting principle of territorial integrity, etc.

US could draw more support and have greater effect by making affirmative case for what constructive PRC role would look like than by warning others not to be duped by PRC. END

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 20, 2023

Looking forward to the opportunity to contribute to and learn from this conference in Singapore this week. Please join us if you are in town and interested. https://t.co/zGQtUzQIcQ

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 20, 2023

Impressive chart - US economy over-performing pre-COVID trend and Chinese economy underperforming it.

This chart reinforces need for modesty in real-time forecasting of impacts of major events on major power competition. https://t.co/7G3xPNzFFi

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 19, 2023

⁦@ewong⁩ and ⁦@StevenErlanger⁩ break down Xi’s likely aims for his upcoming visit to Moscow and how such efforts will be received in US and Europe. https://t.co/v1HdeqJBeX

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 19, 2023

US-PRC relations are off track. Risks of conflict are rising, while benefits from the relationship for American and Chinese citizens are receding. Ideological arguments don't carry answers. Evidence-based, interest-driven thinking is needed.https://t.co/cKuSIlMmmx

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 17, 2023

Thoughtful round-up of key takeaways from China's National People's Congress on a range of issues by members of the CSIS Trustee Chair team. https://t.co/3nYDg4t51H

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 17, 2023

NEW: US importers bore almost the entire burden of tariffs Donald Trump placed on more than $300 billion in Chinese goods, a report by an independent US government agency found.

USTR is currently reviewing if the 301 duties should remain.@apgmonteirohttps://t.co/xPsn4SACZj

— Eric Martin (@EMPosts) March 15, 2023

Sharing a range of perspectives from across Brookings on the significance of this week's AUKUS announcement.

Featuring: @brucebrookings @MichaelEOHanlon @AmyJNelsonPhD @ConStelz @ProfTalmadge @AndrewIYeo Tom Stefanick, myselfhttps://t.co/eYknVReZNQ via @BrookingsInst

— Ryan Hass (@ryanl_hass) March 15, 2023

China as Peacemaker in the Ukraine War? The U.S. and Europe Are Skeptical Chinese officials say Xi Jinping’s upcoming trip to Moscow is a peace mission. But U.S. and European officials say he aims to bolster Vladimir V. Putin....... And even a call by Mr. Xi for a cease-fire would amount to an effort to strengthen Mr. Putin’s battlefield position, they say, by leaving Russia in control of more territory than when the invasion began. ...... A cease-fire now would be “effectively the ratification of Russian conquest,” John Kirby, a White House spokesman, said on Friday. “It would in effect recognize Russia’s gains and its attempt to conquer its neighbor’s territory by force, allowing Russian troops to continue to occupy sovereign Ukrainian territory.” ......... for Chinese officials to come out of the meeting claiming “we’re the ones calling for an end to the fighting and nobody else is.” ....... In an article published in a Russian newspaper on Sunday, Mr. Xi wrote that China had pursued “efforts to promote reconciliation and peace negotiations.” ......... Skepticism of one of Mr. Xi’s stated goals pervades thinking in Washington and some European capitals. American intelligence agencies have concluded that relations between China and Russia have deepened during the war, even as Russia has become isolated from many other nations. ........ The two countries continue to do joint military exercises, and Beijing has joined Moscow in regularly denouncing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. China remains one of the biggest buyers of Russian oil, which has helped Moscow finance its invasion. ......... Chinese officials have at no point condemned the invasion. ........... “Western countries led by the United States have implemented all-around containment, encirclement and suppression of China, which has brought unprecedented severe challenges to our country’s development.” ....... But China remains firmly anchored in the global economy, and Mr. Xi and his aides want to avoid being seen as malign actors on the world stage, especially in the eyes of Europe, a major trade partner. ....... Mr. Xi and Mr. Putin have a strong personal affinity and, as of this week’s state visit, have met 40 times since Mr. Xi became China’s leader in 2012. Mr. Putin called Mr. Xi a “dear old friend” in an article published in a Chinese newspaper on Sunday, saying the two enjoyed the “warmest relationship.” ......... China’s recent mediation of an initial diplomatic rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and Iran had boosted notions of China as a peacemaker. ....... China is not a close partner of either country and has a very specific economic interest in preventing the two from escalating their hostilities — it buys large amounts of oil from both. .......... Mr. Xi has not talked to Volodymyr Zelensky, the president of Ukraine, since the war began, much less asked for his perspective on peace talks. ........... Mr. Zelensky has said he would enter peace talks only if Mr. Putin withdrew his troops from Ukrainian territory. That includes the Crimean Peninsula, which the Russian military seized in 2014, and the Donbas region, where that same year Russian troops stoked a pro-Russia separatist insurgency. ........... Qin Gang, the foreign minister of China, spoke by phone with Dmytro Kuleba, the foreign minister of Ukraine, and stressed that the warring sides should “resume peace talks” and “return to the track of political settlement” ......... Analysts in Washington concur. “I don’t think China can serve as a fulcrum on which any Ukraine peace process could move,” said Ryan Hass, a former U.S. diplomat to China and White House official who is a scholar at the Brookings Institution. ......... Mr. Hass added that China would have a role as part of a signing or guaranteeing group for any eventual peace deal and would be critical to Ukraine’s reconstruction. “I believe Zelensky understands this, which is why he has been willing to exercise so much patience with China and with Xi personally,” he said........... they saw it as a further sign of China’s friendship if not alliance with Russia, as well as an effort by China to present itself as a mediator in the war. ....... He suggested that Washington wanted the war to continue to further weaken Russia. “Some forces might not want to see peace talks materialize,” he said. “They don’t care about the life and death of Ukrainians or the harms on Europe. They might have strategic goals larger than Ukraine itself. This warfare must not continue.” ........ many European officials, like their Ukrainian and American counterparts, are convinced that early talks on a peace settlement will be at the expense of Ukrainian sovereignty. ......... “It is not a peace plan, but principles that they shared” .

Japan’s Prime Minister Becomes Latest G7 Leader to Visit Ukraine Fumio Kishida, who has been seeking a more active role for his country in international affairs, made an unannounced trip to meet with Ukraine’s president. ......... Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has galvanized Japan’s foreign and military policy, stoking concerns about the costs of geopolitical instability. Policymakers and the public alike worry that the country would be unprepared to handle a crisis in its own backyard, whether North Korean aggression or an attempt by China to take the self-ruled island of Taiwan. ....... Rahm Emanuel, the U.S. ambassador to Japan, said the prime minister’s show of solidarity with Mr. Zelensky was in contrast to the partnership between Mr. Xi and Mr. Putin, calling the alignment between the Chinese and Russian leaders “nefarious.” ........ “Prime Minister Kishida stands with freedom, and Xi stands with a war criminal,” the ambassador wrote. ....... A spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry responded to news of the visit by saying Japan should “help de-escalate the situation instead of the opposite.” ....... The war has raised concerns about Japan’s reliance on other countries for food and energy, most of which it imports. Prices for commodities such as natural gas jumped after the invasion, putting cost pressures on Japan’s production of electricity. In response, the country has pushed for closer relationships with its allies and broken a decades-long deadlock in military spending as it plans to double its budget over the next five years. ....... Mr. Kishida embarked for Ukraine from India, where he had met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on issues including protecting freedom of navigation in the Pacific. ........ In a speech on Monday at the Indian Council of World Affairs, a research institute in New Delhi, Mr. Kishida said that Russia’s war had driven a “paradigm shift” in global affairs. ..... “Russia’s aggression against Ukraine oblige us to face the most fundamental challenge: defending peace,” he said, according to prepared remarks. .

pic.twitter.com/TNgATEuHpe

— ラーム・エマニュエル駐日米国大使 (@USAmbJapan) March 21, 2023

Xi In Moscow

Call me anytime: Zelenskyy plays the long game with Xi Jinping Ukraine is conspicuously diplomatic in its dealings with Vladimir Putin’s top ally.
What Zelenskyy should know before he talks with Xi
Russia and China want to disrupt the world order, NSC spokesperson says “They’d like to rewrite the rules of the game globally,” John Kirby said.
Xi Jinping visits Moscow to meet Putin (March 20)
Blinken slams Xi for providing ‘diplomatic cover’ to Putin during Moscow visit
Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin meet in Moscow, discuss Chinese peace plan for Ukraine Washington and its allies are skeptical that Xi can be an honest broker; US urges China and Russia to ‘respect Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity’ ....... The two leaders meet for 4.5 hours, and Russian media reports that Putin ‘went out into the street’ to see Xi off as they parted, a rare move for him .
Xi Jinping says China ready to ‘stand guard over world order’ on Moscow visit Chinese leader expected to position himself as peacemaker but US condemns Xi for providing ‘diplomatic cover’ for atrocities in Ukraine .
Putin rips West as trying to stifle Russia, China's 'development,’ while Xi arrives in Moscow
Putin and Xi prepare for second day of talks in Moscow as Japanese PM heads to Ukraine Chinese and Russian leaders to discuss Ukraine in formal talks after friendly dinner, while Fumio Kishida meets Volodymyr Zelenskiy in Kyiv .
China bills itself as a Ukraine peacemaker but US says Xi’s talks with Putin provide ‘diplomatic cover’ for war
Xi: China's proposal on Ukraine reflects unity of global views Xi has been seeking to present China as a global peacemaker and project it as a responsible great power.

🇨🇳🇷🇺visit. The formula for the successful implementation of China’s “Peace Plan”. The first and major point is the capitulation or withdrawal of the russian occupation troops from 🇺🇦 territory in accordance with the norms of international law and the UN Charter.

— Oleksiy Danilov (@OleksiyDanilov) March 20, 2023

President Xi Jinping Meets with Russian President Vladimir Putin

🔗Full text: https://t.co/fJTDQWEWCx pic.twitter.com/GBRJsH5pf5

— Hua Chunying 华春莹 (@SpokespersonCHN) March 21, 2023

New international order is here pic.twitter.com/PAvBiwwyJk

— Carl Zha (@CarlZha) March 20, 2023

President Xi Jinping: No country is superior to others, no model of governance is universal, and no single country should dictate the international order. The common interest of all humankind is in a world that is united and peaceful, rather than divided and volatile. pic.twitter.com/Zrp9P7MekA

— XIE Yongjun 解勇军 (@XIEYongjun_CHN) March 20, 2023

🇺🇸☠️Damn it! It must be on American terms https://t.co/WhcSTQ6hSy

— FatFinger™ (@longshortgamma) March 20, 2023

After invading Iraq, the US has gone into the conflicts in Syria and Libya and continued to peddle the US model of democracy across the world. There is reason to ask: who will be the next victim of US hegemony for another 20 years? pic.twitter.com/b9QBjvpKHT

— Spokesperson发言人办公室 (@MFA_China) March 20, 2023

20 years on, George W. Bush’s promise of democracy in Iraq and Middle East falls short the main arguments for the invasion: that there were weapons of mass destruction. ....... “it turned out that the sourcing was inaccurate and wrong and in some cases deliberately misleading.” ........ “The establishment of a free Iraq at the heart of the Middle East will be a watershed event in the global democratic revolution,” Bush said in November 2003. He also said that the U.S. would be pursuing a “forward strategy of freedom in the Middle East.” ........ In 2003, there was indeed, as Bush noted, a “freedom deficit” in the Middle East, where repressive authoritarian regimes dominated the region. Yet, in spite of tremendous upheaval in the Middle East over the past two decades, many authoritarian regimes remain deeply entrenched. ......... The non-profit group Freedom House evaluates countries in terms of democratic institutions and whether they have free and fair elections, as well as people’s civil rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and a free press. Freedom House rates each country and its level of democracy on a scale from 2 to 14, from “mostly free” to “least free.” ............ In 2003, the average Freedom House score for an Arab League member was 11.45 – far more authoritarian than the global average of 6.75 at the time. ......... the Freedom House report in 2003 classified a little over 46% of all countries as “free,” but no country in the Arab League met that threshold. ......... The fall of Hussein’s regime in April 2003 produced a nominally more democratic Iraq. But after fighting a series of sectarian insurgencies in Iraq over an eight-year period, the U.S. ultimately left behind a weak and deeply divided government. .......... Rivalry between Iraq’s three main groups – the Sunni and Shiite Muslims as well as the Kurds, the largest ethnic minority in the country – paralyzed early attempts at political reorganization. ........

in 2023, Freedom House continues to score Iraq as “Not Free” in its measure of democracy.

........ In 2014, widespread protest movements associated with the Arab Spring toppled dictators in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen and Libya. In other countries, such as Morocco and Jordan, monarchs were able to offer concessions to people and remain in control by delaying public spending cuts, for example, and replacing government ministers. ........ In Egypt, the military has reasserted itself and the country has slid steadily back to authoritarianism. In Yemen, the political vaccum created by the protests marked the start of a devastating civil war. ........ The average Freedom House democracy score for members of the Arab League is today 11.45 — the same as it was on the eve of the Iraq invasion. ........... It is hard to know if a different approach might have yielded better results. ...... the vision of an Iraq as an inspiration for a democratic transformation of the Middle East has not come to pass. .

The collapse of major US banks leads to bills calling for more regulation bipartisan-backed deregulation in 2018 led to the banks’ collapse ......... lax government policy that included overspending – which Barr says, fueled inflation, as well as long-term low interest rates – not deregulation, was behind the banks’ failures. ........ banks with US$50 billion in assets be subject to strict standards ....... But the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 loosened the standards, raising the asset threshold to $250 billion, meaning fewer banks were under strict controls. ........ During 2022, Silvergate’s deposit base grew dramatically, almost doubling its assets to $210 billion. But the bank did not have either the administrative capacity or market demand to lend out all of the money, as banks normally do. So, it invested the excess deposits in Treasury bonds and mortgage investment products. ......... Industry leaders, among them Greg Becker, CEO of Silicon Valley Bank, lobbied Congress in 2015 to roll back some of the Dodd-Frank Act provisions. ........ These standards were arguably designed to specifically prevent and address the type of circumstances that triggered these recent bank failures: multiple failures and contagion in the financial system, market panic, deposit runs and liquidity crisis. .